Write About How Faulks Introduces the Story in Part 2 of Birdsong Essay Example for Free

Expound On How Faulks Introduces the Story in Part 2 of Birdsong Essay Expound on how Faulks recounts to the story in the main area of Part 2, starting with the words JACK FIREBRACE LAY forty-five feet underground .. What's more, finishing with the words A rising tune under the scratch of a thick gramophone needle† (Pages 121 to 138 Vintage Edition). (21 imprints) Faulks recounts to the tale of Birdsong in the presentation of Part 2 by in a split second making a sensational impact by changing each key factor from section 1 to Part 2 including which decade it is in and the characters. The principal line of Part 2 in a split second makes a grasping impact on the peruser. ‘Jack Firebrace lay forty five feet underground’ Faulk’s intentionally made a total change in view, plot and individual to anticipate the remainder of Part 2 and furthermore cause the peruser to feel as though the story is dreamlike as such sensational changes so immediately prepared as you are perusing it doesn't feel genuine, such an emotional change in one page was deliberately done by Faulks to cause the peruser to feel increasingly intrigued and curious concerning why everything has been so significantly changed. The word ‘Firebrace’ can be part it into two, fire and support. Fire is an imagery of turmoil, obliteration and war which fits in consummately for the running subject all through section 2 of Birdsong and fits with pulverization of lives, lands and furthermore mental strength all brought about by the confusion of a war. In any case, ‘Brace’ is something which holds things together to give backing and assembling these two shows that despite the fact that there is fire in the war as long as the men have each other for help they can figure out how to traverse it and this makes a consciousness of the war that Faulk’s is attempting to appear in Part 2. Section 2 shows how the war influenced individuals actually and regardless of how forceful the war turned into, the internal continuous flows of their own considerations was in every case more terrible in light of the fact that a few things you see can never get away from your psyche. ‘There were sounds, inaccessible and sporadic. He was unable to be certain what they were.’ The statement from a strict perspective is discussing the sounds they can hear inside the passage notwithstanding; figuratively it tends to be deciphered to mean the voices inside their head. The voices can be appeared as ‘distant’ in light of the fact that the individuals who they consider are so distant and far off which shows how they miss them even subliminally. Another implication of ‘distant’ could be the far off considerations of kicking the bucket. These men realize that at any moment they could bite the dust from this war and that idea ought to be kept as far off and far as conceivable to stay a hopeful perspective on the war in light of the fact that else they are some place with death crawling on them yet in addition recognize that and got dreadful of it continually and to carry on with an actual existence like that for quite a long time impacts the soundness of your brain and what you look like at life all in all. The word ‘irregular’ could have been utilized by Faulks to represent the anomaly of the circumstance they are in, the anomalies of the war and the inconsistencies of humankind. All that they are doing is so unpredictable and unethical however some way or another it is as yet their business to do as such, without knowing the slightest bit about the individual they are executing they are as yet murdering them. For reasons unknown, this was law this was the principles and nothing was regarded as off-base and this is so unpredictable and out of typicality yet it despite everything occurred. This was intentionally done by Faulk’s to make consciousness of the issues in mankind during this timeframe. To some extent 2, segments of the book show an emotional difference in occasions so immediately. ‘Before he could complete there was a thunder in the passage and a colossal wad of earth and rock blew past them. It took four men with it.’ The area goes from being extremely tense with the edge of your seat impact and foreseeing a peak occasion, realizing something is going to occur and afterward unexpectedly in one sentence all progressions from the feelings of the characters, the goal to the status of living and dead. Such grave components have changed in one sentence. Faulks intentionally does this to make an adjustment in structure and show how anytime anything can occur. ‘It took four men with it.’ This line is monosyllabic; this is purposefully done by Faulks to make a differentiating impact. The plot and the structure of the sentence totally differentiate each other as what the statement says is four individuals have simply kicked the bucket, their lives gone and no more yet the effortlessness of the language the one syllable single word causes it t o appear to be so quiet normal and basic. This is finished by Faulk’s to show differentiate in plot and structure to some degree 2. The impact of imagery to allude to past occasions and character is utilized in Part 2. ‘Evans had attempted to light a flame yet there was insufficient oxygen. The match consumed splendid red yet would not flame.’ This can be viewed as reference to ‘The Red Room’ in Part 1 of the book. The red room was constantly observed to the peruser as a room of enthusiasm and desire where Stephan and Isabelle had joined together be that as it may, the fire was rarely completely consumed, this could have been a direct result of the reality the two of them realized they were in an inappropriate or the way that the genuine feeling of affection wasn’t impeccably there. There was insufficient oxygen to light the fire. The multifaceted nuance behind this demonstrated Isabelle’s genuine sentiments towards Azaire and perhaps Stephan moreover. She could make a decent attempt as it was conceivable to show love and genuine closeness however reality of her feelings was that they were rarely totally entire and there. Without oxygen you can't light a fire and without genuine inclination you can't have love. The utilization of the words ‘light’ and ‘flame’ and how they are lost is additionally part of the running topic all through the novel; the loss of expectation is spoken to by misfortune and in this citation absence of light. On pages 126-127 Jack gets a letter from his ex Margaret. The structure is flawless and in line, the quantity of lines per section is generally a similar sum and accentuation is perfect. No short sentences or some other abstract devises are utilized to make any sensational impacts. This could show how Margaret is attempting to resist the urge to panic even with the information that both her child and her significant other are in probability of biting the dust. The letter likewise cites ‘as you will envision it is difficult getting medication and the specialists to care for him with such a great amount of going on at the front which is the way it ought to be.’ Faulks makes familiarity with the war and how it influenced the officers out there battling as well as the residents at home battling as all needs were on the war and this was not off-base however this imply individuals at home were additionally biting the dust from absence of necessities set up, individuals that if the war had not occurred would not have kicked the bucket just as the a large number of warriors. To close, Faulks presented Part 2 by significantly changing occasions and furthermore making a subject of lost would like to represent how the characters and furthermore individuals that were a piece of WW1 did genuinely feel. Actually, I imagine that the presentation of section 2 was composed to show consciousness of the detestations of war. Faulk’s needed to show to his perusers how troublesome and groundbreaking this war truly was. Faulks appears in his presentation that you were murdered by your own men on the off chance that you submitted a mix-up like resting at work. Something as little a slip-up as that could get you slaughtered. In birdsong men ‘he had never contacted tobacco’ and afterward it transformed into ‘now it was his most noteworthy comfort.’ Tobacco executes you gradually yet that turns into the best solace that is the means by which grave it was, the way the best way to cause you to feel better was to murder yourself gradually as opposed to in one shot. The reality men had never attempted it however now it was their agony reliever shows exactly how the war changed individuals such a great amount of genuinely just as intellectually. Dependability was lost and men became murdering machines this was not sympathetic. Faulk’s shows this as he writes in each expression of the genuine repulsions, individuals kicking the bucket blazes not being lit appropriately, men losing each other no steadiness at all and all to make mindfulness.

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Asylum from Abuse: Healing and Hope for Abused, by Nason-Clark, N. what's more, Kroeger, is a book that made for casualties of household misuse , the individuals who are as of now enduring it, and the individuals who as of now have; and furthermore for the individuals who need to be proficient on the issue. The writers of the book bring their insight from particular perspectives. Nancy N. Clark is a humanist while Cathie Clark Kroger is a scriptural researcher. With these two alternate points of view, we can get the subject of Domestic maltreatment through a multi-dimensional view point and see a top to bottom perspective on the genuine wrongdoing that is residential maltreatment. The things the stand apart about this book are the measure of zones that it covers, and the innovative ways Clark and Kroger can impart the material. In the start of the book there are little parts of data. These little segments center around things, for example, when a relationship isn't solid, security, and approaches to ensure oneself. The book additionally expeditiously amends any bogus thoughts regarding residential maltreatment. These bogus thoughts incorporate the conviction that aggressive behavior at home doesn't happen in my neighborhood, church, family, or oneself. All through the book there are various instances of aggressive behavior at home. The various models show the assortment of components that entangles or are simply part of the maltreatment. Variables incorporate psychological well-being, sedate maltreatment, liquor misuse, and others. The tales depict how misuse can start in the start of the relationship, center, or when they enter late adulthood. A scriptural component is likewise included the book. All through the book the writers of the book relate characters from the Bible. These Characters incorporate Hagar, David, Mary, and others. The auth... ...s. The piece of the book that truly affected me was the section about love. It manages the way that love can mend. It utilizes hymn 66 which states â€Å"For you, O God, have tried us; you have attempted us as silver is attempted. You carried us into the net; you laid a devastating weight on our backs; you let men ride over our heads; we experienced fire and through water; yet you have brought us out to a position of abundance.† It utilizes this entry to outline the rest that we look for from our weights and that at long last, God conveys on his guarantee of harmony and rest. Once in a while, I experience issues adoring, particularly when I’ve experiencing a predicament. In spite of the fact that I definitely know this the book simply fortified it. I may be experiencing a predicament; God will give me the rest I need at the suitable time, as long as I stay unwavering in my love to Him.

The Elephant Parable, 2011 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Elephant Parable, 2011 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Elephant Parable, 2011 version After decisions last year, there were a wave of unhappy comments about specific decisions and comparisons to other applicants, and I decided to write a post about the importance of knowing everything about a situation before judging it. I thought that with decisions being released tomorrow, it would be good to re-post this message a little earlier. Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there lived six blind men. Each of them was very wise. Each of them had gone to school and read lots of books in braille. They knew so much about so many things that people would often come from miles around to get their advice. They were happy to share whatever they knew with the people who asked them thoughtful questions. One day these six wise blind men went for a walk in the zoo. That day the zoo-keeper was worrying about all of her many troubles. The night before she had had an argument with her husband, and her children had been misbehaving all day long. She had so much on her mind that she forgot to lock the gate of the elephant cage as she was leaving it. Now, elephants are naturally very curious animals. They quickly tried to push the gate to the cage to see if it might open. To their great surprise, the gate swung freely on its hinge. Two of the more daring elephants walked over to the gate. They looked left and right, and then quietly tip-toed out of the cage. Just at that moment the six blind men walked by. One of them heard a twig snap, and went over to see what it was that was walking by. Hi there ! said the first blind man to the first elephant. Could you please tell us the way to the zoo restaurant ? The elephant couldnt think of anything intelligent to say, so he sort of shifted his weight from left to right to left to right. The first blind man walked over to see if this big silent person needed any help. Then, with a big bump, he walked right into the side of the elephant. He put out his arms to either side, but all he could feel was the big body of the elephant. Boy, said the first blind man. I think I must have walked into a wall. The second blind man was becoming more and more curious about what was happening. He walked over to the front of the elephant and grabbed hold of the animals trunk. He quickly let go and shouted, This isnt a wall. This is a snake! We should step back in case its poisonous. The third man quickly decided to find out what was going on, and to tell his friends what they had walked into. He walked over to the back of the elephant and touched the animals tail. This is no wall, and this is no snake. You are both wrong once again. I know for sure that this is a rope. The fourth man sighed as he knew how stubborn his friends could be. The fourth blind man decided that someone should really get to the bottom of this thing. So he crouched down on all fours and felt around the elephants legs. (Luckily for the fourth man, this elephant was very tame and wouldnt think of stepping on a human being.) My dear friends, explained the fourth man. This is no wall and this is no snake. This is no rope either. What we have here, gentlemen, is four tree trunks. Thats it. Case closed. The fifth blind man was not so quick to jump to conclusions. He walked up to the front of the elephant and felt the animals two long tusks. It seems to me that this object is made up of two swords, said the fifth man. What I am holding is long and curved and sharp at the end. I am not sure what this could be, but maybe our sixth friend could help us. The sixth blind man scratched his head and thought and thought. He was the one who really was the wisest of all of them. He was the one who really knew what he knew, and knew what he didnt know. Just then the worried zoo-keeper walked by. Hi there ! How are you enjoying the zoo today ? she asked them all. The zoo is very nice, replied the sixth blind man. Perhaps you could help us figure out the answer to a question thats been puzzling us. Sure thing, said the zoo-keeper, as she firmly grabbed the elephants collar. My friends and I cant seem to figure out what this thing in front of us is. One of us thinks its a wall; one thinks its a snake; one thinks its a rope, and one thinks its four tree trunks. How can one thing seem so different to five different people? Well, said the zoo-keeper. You are all right. This elephant seems like something different to each one of you. And the only way to know what this thing really is, is to do exactly what you have done. Only by sharing what each of you knows can you possibly reach a true understanding. The six wise men had to agree with the wisdom of the zoo-keeper. The first five of them had been too quick to form an opinion without listening to what the others had to say. So they all went off to the zoo restaurant and had a really hearty lunch. Remember, when admissions is looking at an application, we are reviewing the whole applicant in the context of their individual situation. While people might know or read of one aspect of a student, they do know know the whole of an applicants life. So when commenting here or looking at other applicants, please do not be blind to the fact that you might know one thing about a student, but you do not know the whole of the person. Open your eyes to the fact that admissions offices are looking at everything within the file, seeing connections, understanding strengths and weaknesses, and trying to see the overall person. You might think that you know a situation because you know of one aspect (or score) of an applicant, but you might just be holding an elephants tail and thinking it is a rope.

The Great Gatsby and the American Dream Essay - 933 Words

Wealth, material possessions, and power are the core principles of The American Dream. Pursuit of a better life led countless numbers of foreign immigrants to America desiring their chance at the vast opportunity. Reaching the American Dream is not always reaching true happiness. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby achieves the American Dream, but his unrealistic faiths in money and life’s possibilities twist his dreams and life into useless life based on lies. Jay Gatsby believes he can buy happiness. For example, Gatsbys house is â€Å" A factual imitation of some Hotel De Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn†¦show more content†¦With money, Gatsby believes that anything is possible. He does all he can to buy his happiness, yet he lacks the foresight to see the worthlessness of his efforts. Gatsby’s obsessions are not limited too simply possessing wealth, but they also extend to the manner in which it was acquired as well. First Gatsby claims having attended Oxford, and even goes so far as to flaunt Nick a picture,â€Å" A souvenir of his Oxford days†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (71). Gatsby openly avoids mentioning how long he was at Oxford and why he was there. The small dishonest taste that Gatsby has of Oxford only serves to make his desire to change the past more consuming than ever before. Gatsby wants a simpler time, a better time with more noble aspirations. Gatsby uses the photograph to undo his past. In addition, Gatsby furthers the tales of his grand life insisting that he lived in all the capitols of Europe like a rajah. Fitzgerald proves Gatsby’s stories to be lies beyond any reasonable doubt. Jay sounds like a fool, and his condescending willingness to underestimate the intelligence of his listeners proves he acts as a fool. Gatsby’s false stories s uck him deeper and deeper into the abyss that is self-worthlessness. Finally, the rainbow that Jay Gatsby follows through life has the ultimate treasure at the end –true love. The desperate alteration of his past serves only one purpose, to impress the shallow Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby innocently assumes that his money and accomplishments can buy anything – evenShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream : The Great Gatsby Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface, but its most commonly understood as a suspicious critic of the American Dream. In the novel Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache of in the 1920s NYC, only to be rejected by the â€Å"old money† crowd. The focus of my paper would be the pathway towards the American Dream and how it affects the person and others around. The American dreamRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real American Dream Since its institution, the United States has been revered as the ultimate land of ceaseless opportunity. People all around the world immigrated to America to seek quick wealth, which was predominately seen in the new Modern era. Beginning in the late 1800s to the early 1900s, the period introduced progressive ideas into society and the arts. Accompanying these ideas was a loss of faith in the American Dream and the promise America once guaranteed, especially after WorldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1442 Words   |  6 PagesPursuit of Happiness. This sentiment can be considered the foundation of the American Dream, the dream that everyone has the ability to become what he or she desires to be. While many people work to attain their American dream, others believe that the dream is seemingly impossible to reach, like F. Scott Fitzgerald. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby examines the Jazz-Age generations search for the elusive American Dream of wealth and happiness and scrutinizes the consequences of that generationsRead MoreThe American Dream ( The Great Gatsby )1173 Words   |  5 PagesSLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICAN DREAM (THE GREAT GATSBY). Did anyone notice anything that caused a change in society between these two pictures? *POINTS TO SOMEONE WITH ONE OF THE ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ/QUESTION. READS OUT THE RAPID ECONOMIC BOOMING AND GREED. *NEXT SLIDE. That’s correct! During the 1920s of the Jazz Age in concurrence with the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, America had experienced a rapid economic booming after World War I. The American society experienced an economic and politicalRead MoreThe Great Gatsby American Dream1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfilm is based on the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. 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The dream did not discriminate anyone and that is why many people worked towards it. In the novel, it shows that not everyone was living the American Dream but were separated by the social classes of wealth, race, and intelligence. The 1920s in America was a roaringRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : The American Dream927 Words   |  4 Pages2017 The Poor Man’s Dream Many believe that America is the land of riches, where anyone can become rich and wealthy. This idea is known as the American Dream, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for a successful living. However, this ethos is completely false, and is nothing more than exactly that - a dream. Throughout the award-winning work of F. Scott Fitzgerald, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, he gathers criticism about the American Dream. He denounces the dream by shedding the lightRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The American Dream1771 Words   |  8 Pages 5/30/17 Of Gatsby and His Unattainable Dream The American dream is a concept that has been wielded into American literature throughout history. Projecting the contrast between the American dream and reality, F. Scott Fitzgerald incorporates his opinions, primarily based off of his experiences and tribulations in World War I, throughout his literary works.Many people believe that deplorable moral and social values have evolved from the materialistic pursuit of the American dream especially throughout

How Rock N Roll Changed America Essay - 1241 Words

Rock ‘n’ roll has played a major role in some known historical developments post World War 2. Music plays a significant part in America s Cold War culture. Music gave us a sense of new technologies and helped the world to prosper. It also is linked with African Americans living in the South. Music was known for shaping the lives of the people during the 1950s and 1960s. Music was geared towards the youth, race, ethnicity, gender and class. â€Å"All Shook Up: How Rock ‘n’ Roll Changed America† by Altschuler, Glenn C, tells us the story of the birth of rock and roll during the concrete years of 1955 to 1965. Altschuler gives us a overview of how rock ‘n’ roll has an historical context. â€Å" For two years the Times printed dozens of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The rise of rock ‘n’ roll and the reception of it, in fact, can tell us a lot about the culture and values of the United States in the 1950s. According to historians James Gilbert, there was a struggle throughout the decade ‘over the uses of popular culture to determine who would speak to what audience, and for what purpose†. At the center of that struggle, rock ‘n’ roll unsettled a nation had been â€Å"living in an ‘age of anxiety’† since 1945† (p.15). Altschuler talks about how music and race interlock with one another. Rock had become a â€Å"highly visible and contested arena for struggles over racial identity and cultural and economic empowerment in the United States† (p.35). Other chapters within the book state the battles involving sexuality, generational conflicts, as well as other social issues. The author states ideas that are somewhat problematic. For example, he states that there is a myth that rock ‘n’ roll went into a â€Å"lull† following the payola hearings (the practice of record promoters paying DJs or radio programmers to play their label s songs) of 1959 and did not come about again until the arrival of the Beatles in 1964. Rock ‘n’ roll presented us with the emergence of a cultural phenomenon, which the book lays out for us. Altschuler sees rock as a â€Å"metaphor for integration, as the focal point for anxiety that cultural life in the U.S. had become â€Å"sexualized†, a catalystShow MoreRelatedRock And Roll : Rock Roll1169 Words   |  5 PagesRey Marinas Mus160 CRN 10962 Homework # 2 Rock Roll Rock music has come a long way since its development in the early 20th century. The genre, defined â€Å"as a merger between rhythmblues and country† (Scaruffi, The History of Rock Music:1955-1966), started out more as an underground market, but ended up becoming a significant aspect of American popular music history. Rock-n-Roll music produce many legendary artists who will forever be known as innovators of the genre. Elvis Presley and ChuckRead MoreElvis Presley Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesElvis Presley Essay When historians look at history and at reasons why society changed many focus on conflicts like wars, civil rights, and poverty. However, there is so much more that over time changed America. One of the most influential subjects that helped this change was Elvis Presley. Through his music, which was influenced by black artists, he allowed white Americans to view a new group of performers. He tested social boundaries that helped him change American culture. His appearance andRead MoreElvis Presley s Era And Rock N Roll Genre1624 Words   |  7 PagesElvis Presley Paramusical Analysis This essay will examine how the 1950’s era and rock n roll genre is represented in Elvis Presley’s 1956 popular recording â€Å"Hound Dog†. The African American rhythm and blues influences will also be studied through the paramusical factors and the musical features. This will be discussed as African American female blues singer Big Mama Thornton’s original 1952 recording of â€Å"Hound Dog† was covered and popularised by Elvis without compromising the original African AmericanRead MoreBlack Men Can’t Rock? Towards an Understanding of The Lack of Black Men in Rock Music2211 Words   |  9 Pagesyou expect now? Funk? Reggae? For very few people rock music would come to mind. Indeed their guess would be pretty much anything but rock. In this paper I intend to explore possible reasons for this. My intention initially was to explore the reasons for the lack of black men and women in modern indie music. However, during research I came to the conclusion that many of the reasons for this situation could be found at the dawn of rock n roll, and since then they have become entrenched and takenRead MoreOf the many historical eras, the 1960 era is regarded as one of the most controversial eras ever in1200 Words   |  5 PagesOf the many historical eras, the 1960 era is regarded as one of the most controversial eras ever in the history of America. However, this was not the anticipation that most of American citizens had. At the very beginning of the 1960s, many believed that this was perhaps the most promising era yet. They even dubbed this era the golden age. The expectations of the people intensified in 1961 when John F. Kennedy took the office of the president. His charisma and enthusiasm won the hearts and trust ofRe ad MoreFeminist Analysis : Not August Cleaver Edited By Joanne Meyerowitz Essay1790 Words   |  8 Pagesthe domestic realm to the public, especially during post-war America between the years of 1945-1960. Throughout history, women’s lives were limited to bearing and raising children, they were left oppressed and without a voice. Roles of women have changed over the decades and they have gone from being the property of their husbands to achieving independence in all areas of American culture. The stereotype of the woman in postwar America was â€Å"the quintessential white middle-class housewives who stayedRead MorePleasantville Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesPleasantville Essay A lot can happen in sixty years, and America is no exception to that statement. It is arguable that one of the biggest differences regarding America in the 1950s to modern America is culture. The movie â€Å"Pleasantville† reflects much of these cultural differences from 1950s to today in a creative and thoughtful way. It also provides much useful insight into the cultural conflicts America faced throughout the 1950s. The many differences between 1950s culture and modern day cultureRead MoreMUSI 1002 Notes2546 Words   |  11 PagesSerious vs. Popular music Differences: Degree of standardization Level of complexity Market context Adorno: Could take a chorus out and still makes sense. Serious, needs to listen to entirety to understand song. Real difference is market context, how it’s consumed. Serious is NOT market oriented Popular IS market oriented. Role of the listener Caught up in a standardized and routine set of responses Superficial pleasure â€Å"slave to the rhythm† people who enjoy this are corrupted and openRead MoreEssay on The Hard Rock Company2194 Words   |  9 PagesThe Hard Rock Cafà © (HRC) and the Hard Rock Hotels / Casinos is a highly successful series of ventures that serves up fun, music, food, nostalgia and beverage. The HRC is also famous for its music collectibles, including guitars used by icons in the industry (i.e. Madonna, Jimi Hendrix, etc), fashion merchandise, live concerts, and Hard Rock Live performance venues. The first Hard Rock Cafà © was opened on June 14, 1971, in London, England. Founded by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, HRC became wellRead More Black Music and the Civil Rights Movement Essay3856 Words   |  16 Pagesreformation. One such cultural revival took place in this nation after the closing of the Second World War. 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Causes and Effects of Drug Abuse - 1905 Words

Many people do not understand why individuals become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem and may characterize those who take drugs as morally weak. One very common belief is that drug abusers should be able to just stop taking drugs if they are only willing to change their behavior. What people often underestimate is the complexity of drug addiction—that it is a disease that impacts the brain and because of that, stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of willpower. Through scientific advances we now know much more about how exactly drugs work in the brain, and we also know that drug addiction can be successfully†¦show more content†¦As a result, dopamines impact on the reward circuit is lessened, reducing the abusers ability to enjoy the drugs and the things that previously brought pleasure. This decrease compels those addicted to drugs to keep a busing drugs in order to attempt to bring their dopamine function back to normal. And, they may now require larger amounts of the drug than they first did to achieve the dopamine high—an effect known as tolerance.Long-term abuse causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits as well. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that influences the reward circuit and the ability to learn. When the optimal concentration of glutamate is altered by drug abuse, the brain attempts to compensate, which can impair cognitive function. Drugs of abuse facilitate nonconscious (conditioned) learning, which leads the user to experience uncontrollable cravings when they see a place or person they associate with the drug experience, even when the drug itself is not available. Brain imaging studies of drug-addicted individuals show changes in areas of the brain that are critical to judgment, decisionmaking, learning and memory, and behavior control. Together, these changes can drive an abuser to seek out and take drugs compulsively despite adverse consequences—in other words, to become addicted to drugs. Why do some peopleShow MoreRelatedCause and Effects of Teen Drug Abuse1832 Words   |  8 PagesTeen Drug Abuse in America In today’s society drugs are taking away our children’s lives and it is making headlines every day. â€Å"In Vancouver, Washington, a 13-year old boy was found dead after allegedly swallowing twenty-four cold-medicine pills to get high† (Taylor 45). â€Å"Nine Florida middle-school students were taken to the hospital after their strange behavior and illness at school led school officials to discover that they had overdosed on an over-the-counter cold medication† (Taylor 45). â€Å"ARead MoreCauses And Effects Of Drug Abuse And Mental Illness2575 Words   |  11 PagesSaatkamp English lll Mrs. Robinson 24 November, 2014 Outline Causes abuse Drugs abuse and mental illness is a cause in a way that the abusers abuses their victims. Causes of abuse is when the abuser lived with someone in the past that abused him or her or someone in the household. 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Ck Claridge inc free essay sample

Purcell hoped that by the end of the afternoon, aided by Schilling’s insights, he would be able to establish a course of action that might hasten the final settlement of a patent suit brought against CKC three years earlier by the Tolemite Corporation and its licensee, Barton Research and Development (BARD). The Contenders CKC was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1948 as a commercial outlet for the inventive genius of Dr. Charles K. Claridge, an astute organic chemist. Dr. Claridge owned and managed the company until 1996, when, desiring to retire, he sold it along with all of its patents and products to Arnoux Industries, a small Chicago-based conglomerate. CKC continued to prosper as an Arnoux subsidiary and by 2009 had projected annual sales of about $105 million, 14% of the Arnoux total. About 10% of CKC’s sales in 2009 were derived from a chemical component called Varacil, whose manufacturing process was the subject of the patent suit. We will write a custom essay sample on Ck Claridge inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The remainder of its sales included a wide range of specialty organic chemical products, sold in relatively small volume, primarily to the pharmaceutical industry. Tolemite, also headquartered in Chicago, was a chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturer with estimated 2009 sales in excess of $3. 0 billion. In 2000 Tolemite had been awarded a 17-year patent covering various aspects of a new, low-cost process for synthesizing Varacil. The techniques covered by the patent had been discovered at Tolemite’s research facility in 1994 as an offshoot of another project. (Tolemite had filed a patent application in early 1995. ) Since Tolemite was neither a user nor a producer of Varacil, it had decided to offer the use of the patent, under license, to BARD, the principal Varacil producer in the United States. As drugs requiring Varacil had been phased out, new ones requiring the compound had typically appeared. Furthermore, industry leaders had no reason to believe that this stability would be lost over the next several years; they projected industry unit sales to be quite flat as far as five to ten years out. On the dollar value side, however, the story was quite different. Prices for Varacil had been in decline for several years. When converting to the synthetic process, each competitor in the industry had tooled up to supply an optimistic share of the market. Then, when market share objectives were not met, prices were slashed in an attempt to keep manufacturing facilities operating at efficient levels and to bring in as much contribution as possible toward fixed costs. This situation was expected to continue for at least five years. Exhibit 1 shows industry unit and dollar sales of synthetic Varacil for the period 2000-2009, as well as management’s projections for 2010-2020. In 2009 there were seven principal competitors in the synthetic Varacil market. BARD, with $60 million in sales, took roughly 66% of the market. CKC, with about $10 million in sales, was the Upon filing of the suit, CKC’s process engineers had tried hard to develop a process modification that avoided infringing the patent in the manner that the CKC-discovered process allegedly did, but after a year of trying determined that this was not feasible. 2 C. K. Claridge, Inc. 910-045 second largest and held an 11% share. The remaining five competitors, none of whose Varacil sales exceeded $6 million, then constituted the remaining 23% of the market. By 2006 all seven of the principal competitors were manufacturing synthetic Varacil by nearly identical processes. Only BARD, however, was paying royalties to Tolemite. Based on the logic of the lawsuit, the other producers were technically infringing the patent. Background on the Litigation On June 12, 2006, Tolemite (as the patent owner) and BARD (with sublicensing rights) had jointly filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin charging CKC with having infringed on Tolemite’s patent. To remedy the infringement, Tolemite and BARD were seeking an injunction against future infringement over the ten years remaining on the 17-year life of the patent, as well as damages equivalent to license royalty payments of 20% on Claridge’s past and future sales of synthetic Varacil. When confronted with the suit, Purcell had immediately discussed the matter with Aaron Mantiris, general counsel for Arnoux Industries. Both had felt there was considerable evidence indicating that Tolemite’s process might not be patentable. At Mantiris’ suggestion, CKC had retained the services of Evans and Blaylock, a well-known and highly reputable firm of intellectual property attorneys in New York. These attorneys quickly agreed with Mantiris on the potential weakness of the Tolemite suit. Thus, in 2006, Evans and Blaylock had begun to intensively prepare the case for CKC’s defense. Tolemite’s patent contained 12 claims of originality. Like all successful patent applicants, Tolemite had had to demonstrate to the patent examiners that there was no â€Å"prior art,† e. g. previous patents, applied-for patents, or processes in the public domain—unpatentable, but generally known—that were similar. In fact, there were many instances of patents being successfully challenged. However, once a patent was issued, the burden lay with a potential infringer to prove that the claimed invention was unpatentable. And, unless there was a serious irregularity such as fraud associated with its issuance, a patent was treated as valid unless and until it was legally invalidated. In the matter of synthetic Varacil, Mantiris argued that Tolemite had not, in fact, introduced any novelty, but had merely observed and harnessed a naturally occurring process that, in itself, was not patentable. A patent holder whose patent was infringed was entitled to sue the infringer for damages to compensate for sales and profit wrongfully obtained. In awarding damages in a case like that brought jointly by BARD and Tolemite against CKC, a court would almost certainly consider a reasonable royalty and the plaintiff’s lost profits—with the award potentially trebled in the case of egregious circumstances, which seemed unlikely in this suit. In determining the amount to be demanded in a lawsuit, the plaintiff usually calculated these damages in a way most favorable to itself. However, if the plaintiff prevailed in court, the actual damages awarded were often considerably less. In the Varacil matter it was the strongly held opinion of both Mantiris and the Evans and Blaylock lawyers—based on considerable comparable experience, relevant legal precedents, and other datathat although the suit specified a 20% royalty payment, the amount awarded if CKC lost the suit would be equivalent to approximately 10% royalties on past and future sales through the life of the patent. Purcell was persuaded of the accuracy of this assessment; as was common, in the view of CKC and its attorneys, the plaintiffs had claimed an amount roughly double their likely awardif they ended up prevailing in court.

How to Visualize Your Research -

Last updated: June 2019Strategies on how to visualize data:Try flash spatial.Remember of maps.Create videos.Record vox pops.Draw an expressive design chart.Consider interactive charts, too.Make GIFs to illustrate street views/panoramas.Create infographics.Try data visualization software.What picture do you imagine when hearing of data visualization?Here is ours:Source: Bored PandaYes, its a pie chart, a pictorial representation of numerical data. Perfect for visualizing your research, right?Not really.Today, when people dont read but scan, the world goes crazy over videos and podcasts, and interactive content runs the show, data visualization goes far beyond pie charts, graphs, and diagrams. It takes so many forms that they even have a special course for it in colleges now! Students dont just write essays; they write visual essays and think of creative ways to represent their research to professors.No wonder:Proper visualization is the best way to make your data stand out. When illus trating a content asset by visuals, you increase its view rate by 94% and produce 180% more engagement, which multiplies its chances to get shared and remembered.(Okay, when a student, you hardly think of likes and shares. But what about impressing a teacher and, finally, getting that damned and so desired A+, huh?)Studies dont lie:Unique visualization types had significantly higher memorability scores than common graphs (circles, area, points, bars, and lines). It appears that novel and unexpected visualizations can be better remembered than the visualizations with limited variability that we are exposed to since elementary school.So, Why and When Use Data VisualizationVisuals are a new way to communicate information and make it easier for users to perceive. When you create a graphic essay or write a long read for your blog, visual elements are perfect to represent data because otherwise it would take many pages to convey.More than that, people respond to visual content better. Rea sons are many:The brain processes visual information 60,000 faster than text. (While it takes about 1/4 second to process a symbol meaning, it takes about 6 seconds to read 20 words.)Ideas presented graphically are easier to comprehend and remember than those presented as words.65 percent of the population are visual learners.Thats why all bloggers and marketing specialists focus on visualizing their projects for more reads, shares, and sales. Video is on its rise, interactive content (surveys, quizzes, calculators, infographics, e-books, emails) call the shots, and all they boost engagement, increase brand loyalty, and help marketers capture more data for their research.Hey, Im a student, okay? Whats in there for my essay writing? Do all these visual tricks meet academic requirements?Yes, they do.Most handbooks on evaluating research papers count tables and diagrams as the organization criteria and give 20% of a total grade for them. Content originality brings another 30%. Therefor e, if you decide to visualize your research in essays – you can get half of your paper grade in one go!The only detail to know is the proper places for visuals in your paper. Two options to consider:1) Within your essay, just after the reference to a visual.Like here:Or here: And remember of citing and referencing your visuals! This and this document will help you learn how to place visual data in the text of your essay, how to relate visuals to your writing, and how to create a caption.2) At the end of your essay, after the list of references. Known as the appendix, its a separate page at the end of your paper, including the additional information for readers. You can put visuals with corresponding captions there.If you have multiple items to include, create a separate appendix for each visual. Dont forget to format it according to essay standards (APA, MLA, etc.)The first mentioned is the most common way to use visuals in essays. But whatever option you choose, be consisten t: theres no need to place images or graphs both in the text and appendixes. Follow the instructions your teachers give, or just choose one option and keep to it.And now, for the most interesting part:Visual EssaysThey are quite a different story.To define visual essay, lets make it clear: its a set of pictures/other visual elements you use instead of words to complete a writing assignment. As a rule, its a mix of visuals and short written passages explaining what happens in your visual content.Important! Images you use to write visual essays should be original, i.e., made by you. (Keep on reading to find out what tools to use for data visualization.)Here goes a terrific example, â€Å"Who cares about the forest?† by Franke James):Full version hereHe combined photos, illustrations, and writing in 20+ visuals to craft an essay on the red hot issue of deforestation and its influence on our planet. Storytelling is not about words only, huh?The best visual essays include:A short introduction, with hooks and thesis statement.A sequence of visual elements, related to each other and set consistently.A short analysis of each visual element, explaining whats in there.Conclusion. (Yes, short again.)An average visual essay consists of 10-12 visuals and 500-700 words of the accompanying text, formatted in Word Doc or PDF. When teachers give you a graphic essay assignment, theyll evaluate your critical thinking, presentation skills, cultural competence, and ability to convey arguments and facts in graphic form.Writing visual essays, you stimulate creativity, attention, memory, and analytical skills.Want to get a better idea on how to create a graphic essay? Let us know in comments, and well craft an ultimate guide on visual essay writing here on blog. 🙂 What Essay Elements to VisualizeTogether with how to write essays with visuals, content creators often ask what exact elements to visualize and how to know if a particular method is relevant to their topic or niche.Heres how you solve this:First, consider the audience.SourceIf you are a student writing essays for teachers, everything will depend on many factors: a subject, a format (printed or online), and other specific requirements your teacher gives.For Geography-related majors, research papers require at least one map. Make it interactive et voilà  , it brings engagement.For Business and Management, Marketing and Data Science specialties, statistics presentation is a crucial skill that will get you extra points. Get wild with the charts, and you can do so much better than that old boring pie.History papers â€Å"tell the story† with data. GIFs are perfect for illustrating timelines in just one pic.English and Literature will rock if you support the text with visual features. For example, if writing an essay about Dickens – create a collage with that-era bookshelf and add pop-up descriptions of each book cover.If a digital copywriter or marketer, think of a specific visual presentation format that would engage your audience most. Consider a platform where youll land it: is it a blog post, your landing page, a YouTube channel, cold email, slideshow presentation at a conference?Two questions to answer:How can this visual best appeal to my audience in this specific setting?What is the simplest method for displaying this data? Which one will represent my information better? What data do I need to highlight most?And second, rely on these criteria when deciding what argument or fact to visualize:Is it exciting? – Boring topics will rarely benefit from visual adaptation.Is it complex? – Copybook maxims don’t need visualization.Does it spark a discussion? – If its unequivocal evidence, then it’s not worth the effort.But when its not a fact of common knowledge, and you understand its worth visualizing, the question arises as to what option and tool to choose for it.How to Visualize Data in Essays and Other ContentWhen you write visual essays or create content assets for marketing goals, forget about ready-made templates. They are boring. And big chances are, your peers or competitors have used them already.Be creative, design visuals on your own! Tools to use are many, and the most common ones are:Adobe FlashPhotoshopWindows Movie MakerPowerPointMicrosoft WordImovieBut if your ambitions go beyond diagrams, charts, and infographics, here go alternative options on how to visualize data.1. Flash spatialPerfect for Geography, History, Politics, or Social Sciences papers. If you have any map-based data, overlap two pictures and let the reader compare them by moving the slider back and forth. A small step from spatial comparison, yet far more engaging and impressive.Example:2. MapsCarto is a terrific tool for making amazing interactive maps. Leaflet is another one. Location-related facts will help to illustrate any scientific research. Gather the metrics and build up a visible backdrop for your thesis. Example:3. VideosNothing says â€Å"I gave a major damn about this research† like a video file in your professor’s inbox. Presenting your research in a 3-minute speech is the best way to sift through the backbone facts and wrap them in the perfect form. Don’t overlook the screen recording option!Example:And another one:4. Vox PopsThe favorite tool of many marketers, it works best with a study involving people and opinions.Record your respondents in their natural habitat or via Skype and edit into a convincing illustrative interview to support your thesis. Choose between â€Å"audience opinion† vs. â€Å"expert’s opinion,† depending on your subject.Check the examples of non-video vox pops here.5. Expressive Design ChartsStuck with charts to state your theses in Business and Management and related disciplines? Thy this trick: keep the chart but pimp it up in a creative way, so your paper will immediately stand out and get remembered.Example:6. Interactive ChartsNothing gets your reader more engaged than the possibility of tailoring your research to them personally. With a 5-dollar-help from a freelance programmer, you can turn your data into a fun personalized illustration. Add some back-end work: gather the data from your professors or peers for further use.Examples:Years You Have Left to Live, ProbablyHow You Will Die7. Street Views / PanoramasTen years from its launch, Google Street View has become a powerful tool for illustrating Geography and Communities research. You can use it to predict the city areas development over time, for example. Pull several layers in a timeline GIF to illustrate your findings.Example:QUOTE: â€Å"It’s always nice when your research checks out with the view outside your window.† – Scott Duke Kominers, the Harvard Business School MBA Class of 1960 Associate Professor8. InfographicsInfographics are a great help in learning because this content format requires you to sum marize concepts and identify certain things as significant. It helps your professor to better evaluate your knowledge, too. A whole host of handy (and free) tools are out there to help you with the designs: Visual.ly, Tableau, Venngage, and Infogram are just several to mention.NB: If you also need to promote the research among college communities or online, a comprehensive infographic increases your chances of getting noticed by far.Examples of infographic templates: here and here.9. SaaS Data Visualization SoftwareMany businesses leverage data visualization tools through a SaaS subscription. These tools help organizations translate big data and their key metrics into digestible charts and graphics, helping them better understand how they’re tracking towards their goals.But students, universities, professors, and other researchers can use these tools as well to create dashboards and turn big data/research sets into easy-to-interpret visualizations. Those looking to implement a tool such as these should look at online review sites to compare the over 200 data visualization software products on the market.Examples of SaaS Data Visualization Software:What Else Do You Need to Know?If you choose to work on your data visualization with a freelancer, make sure not to leave it to the final day before submission. Its time-consuming, so save yourself several wiggle days to input extra data as needed.When creating a complex visualization, skim to just one per academic paper to avoid clutter.One final piece of advice:Don’t assume that data visualization is research. Your paper still needs a strong hook, good thesis, and all the required chapters included. So make your impressive illustration a cherry on the top of this delicious cake.Sources:Spatial History ProjectData-Driven Guides: Supporting Expressive Design for Information GraphicsResearchers Use Google Street View to See the Future of Cities

Scm Delays Essays

Scm Delays Essays Scm Delays Essay Scm Delays Essay Delays during material purchase and supply are widespread in most projects around the world. Some of the delay happens at the time of purchasing of material for the project that is the period which is before the start of project as well as during actual execution of project is under way. Project schedules are consistently dynamic and uncertain. Several controllable and uncontrollable factors can adversely affect the project schedule and cause delays. These delays definitely create negative impacts on project performance.Schedule delay in the completion of a Construction projects may be a major difficulty for contractors leading to costly disputes and adverse relationships between project participants. The challenge is to measure the net impact of Supply chain delays accurately.. The method of schedule delay analysis technique should be acceptable to all participants through the project. Delays in the completion of projects are often unavoidable. The project schedule which is planned at the beginning of the project is prone to being changed for many times and unfortunately causes delays.As a result, schedule delays may be a major problem for contractors as well as the owners, resulting in costly disputes, controversial issues and adverse relationships between all the 3project participants. Therefore, the identification, quantification and analysis of delays become essential. Contractors are prone to see most of the delays in the responsibility of the owner, while owners usually want to put the blame on the contractor or third parties.Consequently, it is necessary to analyze schedule delays and research the most significant causes of delay in projects to avoid or minimize their adverse impacts on the project and project participants. These delays in purchasing and supply chain management may be due to various factors some of which are internal organizations and some are outside of organization. Internal factors such as delays from other departments, delays from c lient, delays in approvals, external factors include suppliers delays, transportation delays, and other factors may also affect such as act of god, government intervention etc.Analysis of these delays and the detail analysis of reason has to be done to measure the impact of each delays on the project. Delays Different type of delays that can be arise during actual procurement of material are stated as below 1. Import / Export duties clearances 2. Natural disaster. E. g. Cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami etc. 3. Manmade disaster. E. g. War, pirates etc. 4. Strike –Includes mainly labor disputes with management. 5. Quality –Poor quality of delivered materials a. By supplier. b. Damage to vital components during transportation. 6. Inaccurate forecast. a. Due to long lead time. b. Inflexibility at suppliers end. . Procurement of material from single source. 8. Receivable risk – Possibility of being unable to collect on receivables. 9. Inventory risk –Excessive i nventory hurts the financial performances. 10. Information infrastructure breakdown.. 11. Unexpected shutdown of key plant of supplier for certain period. 12. Government strike. 13. Change of design from client. 14. Design approval delays 15. Approval delays 16. Negotiation delays 17. Delays in issuance of transportation papers 18. Delays in submission of documents on site/ vendor. 19. Inspection delays 20. Delays in order follow up. 21. Delays in payment of supplier.

Annotated Biblography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annotated Biblography Assignment - Essay Example Researchers asserted that the Malaysian government, in its vigorous effort to uphold community health care for mentally ill patients, must also ensure that those who are proving services be formally educated on how to implement integrated mental community-based health care by addressing the need to immerse them with knowledge on the use of traditional multicultural belief systems specially in â€Å"family caregivers, mental health service users and service providers.† With the dearth of mental health facilities especially in rural region of Malaysia, family caregiving for mentally-ill patients became the primary resort amongst significant number of family caregivers. Researchers further argued that notwithstanding numerous scholarly studies on family caregiving services for mental illness under Western medical healthcare practices but these are not sensitive to the eastern culture of Malays. The need to have a sensitive approach on mental health care delivery pose a challenge for healthcare providers in Malaysia and indeed, the multi-dimensional ways of caregiving should be utilized as for both traditional and scientific approaches of healthcare. The researchers likewise asserted that studies should likewise be expanded to include concern to mental health social work practices. Further, it was noted that while the government recognize the role of the family in according responsible healthcare for their members as part of its culture and tradition, but mental illness care require a multidisciplinary approach too to respond to the behaviours of the patient and professional or institutional support should be highly regarded too, especially when patients are in a dire need of professional medical attention. Severely ill patients necessitate not only the traditional or customary way of mental healthcare but also professional support because mental illness is a broad illness which cannot be simply regarded as simply possession of evil spirit or a moral weaknes s of a patient or God’s formidable punitive way for human being’s excessive immersion to sins. There are scientific bases on mental illness and there are also specific medications that can be optimized to normalize the behaviour of a mentally ill person. Medical expert intervention is also necessary to address symptoms, effects, and impacts of mental illness to persons, especially those that have tremendous tendency to inflict harm to self or those that are possessing violent capacities. Psychiatric help is also essential in understanding the sociological context of mental illnesses. Alpar, G., Hoepman, J-H., Siljee, J. (2011). The Identity Crisis: Security, Privacy and Usability issues in Identify Management, Radboud University Nijmegen: The Sentinels, pp, 1-14. This research is focused on the ‘identity crisis’ emerging from â€Å"substantial security, privacy and usability shortcomings encountered in existing systems for identity management (Alpar, Hoep man, & Siljee, 2011, p. 1).† Substantial research is deemed essential to resolve issues arising from the utilization of information technology where

Mathematics Project Based & Game Based Learning vs. Traditional Dissertation

Mathematics Project Based & Game Based Learning vs. Traditional Repetition Learning - Dissertation Example Bouris, Creel and Storz (2004) state that the game based approach is an innovative approach of teaching Mathematics. It involves the use of games and technology. The method entails both simple tasks and difficult tasks, which are done individually or in groups. Traditionally, people learned mathematics through memorization of mathematical concepts as teachers demonstrated procedures in class. After the lesson, a teacher would give students homework based on the concept covered in class. This mode of learning advocates memorization of Mathematical concepts by the students (Bouris, Creel and Storz, 2004). Certainly, math skills required for students to function effectively in the 20th century are completely different than present skills requirement, hence the need to change the way mathematics as a subject is taught. Presently, there is an ongoing debate as to the best way to effectively teach mathematics and whether the traditional method is still effective. The present study will see k to compare Project- Based Learning (PBL) and Game-Based Learning (GBL) with the Traditional Repetitive Learning (TRL) to determine the most effective method of teaching mathematics. Significance of the Study Following increased pressure by the United States Department of Education, as well as the state of Tennessee Department of Education on mathematics teachers to enhance students’ mastery of mathematics as a key subject; teachers are increasingly adjusting their teaching methods to help improve students understanding of the subject. However, to some mathematics educators, the focus of academic achievement never goes beyond classroom and quizzes given to students. This notion has created an environment that continues to bar students from appreciating the applicability of mathematics to real-world problems (Afari et al., 2013). Even though continuous research has been done on teaching mathematics, little has been done on the effective methods of teaching the subject. Previo us researchers have tried to prove and provide evidence that mathematics is a critical subject for societal development while others sought to establish students’ performance in this subject. For instance, in 2012, the US Department of Education found that 8th grade students from the US were ranked 24th out of 29 countries in mathematics literacy. This was a clear indication that there was a big problem in the way mathematics as a subject was taught. Compared with other students from countries where PBL and GBL teaching methods had already been implemented, the US students’ scores were found to be low. Such low test scores and considering the impact of using different approaches when teaching mathematics, led to this study that seeks to establish the effectiveness of PBL, GBL and TRL approaches of teaching mathematics. This study will be conducted at Pine Elementary School which has a total population of 747 students. Departing from other previous researches that sough t to compare performance in mathematics relative to other subjects, this study will focus on effective teaching approaches that can enhance students’

Analysis Of Claude Steeles Whistling Vivaldi

Analysis Of Claude Steeles Whistling Vivaldi This semester has proven to be a very useful for the development of both my reading and writings skills. For me, as for a person who merely five months ago came from a country where English language is known by a few, this experience was vital in a way that it opened up the secrets of effective reading, writing and analyzing in English language. Before taking the College Writing course I had a hard time understanding the proper writing process, which seemed very vague to me, but as I began taking my first steps in trying to understand it I have realized that it was only fear that took over me. Although many would think that the final result is only what matters, for me the process was more engaging. The course has offered a wide range of reading and writing techniques and styles, thus taught me to transfer my ideas to paper clearly and effectively. However, applying theory in practice would have been much harder if there were not the preparatory writing assignments that we had throug hout semester. The essays and papers we wrote throughout semester helped me to trace my progress in writing process. They helped me comfortably and very efficiently write papers based on academic journals and articles. In the beginning of the semester, one of my weaknesses was the organization of sentences and paragraphs. The process of writing an essay has changed over the semester. At first I would start writing essay by putting all of my ideas onto paper thus making an inappropriate organization. But having realized the importance of making a thesis statement I have less trouble organizing main points of each paragraph. Even though it is hard to develop a solid and clear thesis, I understand its significance as it states the argument that reader will be reading. The first major assignment that we did this semester was the paper on Robert Sapolskys Ego Boundaries, or the Fit of My Fathers Shirt. This assignment was unique in its nature, as it demanded us to deeply analyze each and every part of the text: summarize it, reflect upon the ideas of the text by explaining them, and finally exploring our own experiences with those ideas. Clearly, the assignments goal was to teach us the proper way to understand texts, and integrate ideas that are present in texts with our own lives. I have to admit that in the beginning I had no idea how to complete the assignment, but with the clear directions that were provided, I managed to do it. It was very surprising when I realized that the writing process for this paper was very mechanical and precise. Before this paper, I always thought that writing such complicated papers required a lot of imagination, which I thought I did not have. However, now I understand that all that I needed to do is to read the tex t thoroughly, brainstorm for ideas, and to formulate the final version of the paper based on my ideas and on drafts that I previously wrote. I felt a huge satisfaction and relief after completion of the assignment, because I have learnt a huge lesson for myself from this assignment and I was ready for this type of tasks in the future. However, as confident as I felt after completing the Sapolsky paper, I had never imagined that there were different approaches to writing these kinds of essays. One of the major tasks was to write an essay based on a very complicated book by Ervin Goffman The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This book was intended for large audiences with no particular knowledge about the study of psychology. Nevertheless, the text was very difficult to analyze as it contained many complicated words, intricate sentence structure, and allusions to other works on similar topics. . I felt overwhelmed by reading long and complicated literature because I thought I needed to remember every single detail that I read. However I learned to highlight the main ideas as I read so that I could go back and find details if I needed to recall on them for my essay. Due to this technique, I improved my analytical skill tremendously and was able to extract the main ideas throughout the text, and combine them to w rite a decent essay. The primary difficulties I faced doing this task were the abundance of scientific terms and the overall difficulty of the text. In order to understand the text, I had to read it carefully, part by part, so that I could get the connection between the ideas in the text. By taking notes every time I encountered something interesting and provoking, I managed to construct the outline for the essay. Then, writing the essay itself became much easier since I had all the ideas on my notes. The only thing I had to do to finish the assignment was to assemble the notes and combine them in meaningful sentences and in correct order to provide the essay with a proper flow and preciseness. The course has offered a wide range of reading and writing techniques and styles, thus helping me formulate the notion of clear, rich, and focused writing. The essays and papers we wrote this semester helped me formulate my own writing process, with help of which I can comfortably and very efficiently write papers based on academic readings that the university classes offer. As far as I am concerned, I have become a much more attentive reader and a much better writer since I took this class. I have to admit that I was rather skeptical about what the class had to offer me, but now I understand how important it was for me to be a part of this class and had such a valuable experience. With the knowledge that I have acquired during this semester, I am very eager to start working on papers and essays regarding my own field of specialization. Understanding other peoples stories In his article Understanding Other People Stories Roger Schank discusses the challenges people encounter when trying to understand each other. According to Schank, people frequently do not understand what others tell them. It is easier to remember a notion or a belief if it is told in a form of a story. He presents a theory that all the information, experience and events we understand are incorporated in a story that that we remember and share with others. Schank states that understanding means to respond to the speakers stories with stories of listeners own memory. People learn from stories if they can relate it to something that they previously knew. Moreover, we truly understand a new story only if it made us reexamine our previous stories. Throughout the text author talks about different things that are important to know about understanding other peoples stories. There is an interesting point that the author describes is a selective listening. People hear only some parts of the stories they are told and tend to listen to the ones that interest them. The reason for that is that we care about topics that we can understand and relate to. We cannot think of about all the possible ramifications of something we are being told. So we pay attention to what interests us (Schank, 374). He presents a notion about index, which is a kind of symbol that helps people classify all the stories they have in the memory. Schank describes it as [a]n index is a juxtaposition of another persons beliefs, made evident by statements or actions, with ones own beliefs (Schank, 380). We use them to label some stories of beliefs that we had before in our system of values. Furthermore, the author describes the topic about the way people understand stories as that they do it by reflecting their own stories onto the speakers stories. Understanding process of other peoples stories involves identifying ourselves to our own memories. We can use our own stories to confirm the beliefs of others that were imposed on a particular object. An example of this is my recent conversation with my parents. Last time using Skype, we were talking about my new life at Berkeley. I told them my story of getting used to my new environment that involved the difficulties and obstacles that I struggled with during the first month. There were a lot of challenges; I told them that it is really hard to study abroad, and particularly at such a place as Berkeley. I have troubles with a lot of things ranging from studying unfamiliar subjects to living in the dorm. Interestingly, their response was recalling their own time when they were students in college as I am now. And what they told me is that everybody goes through this process that I am neither the first one nor the last one. The academic year will pass quickly before I even notice it. I just need to be patient and do my best to succeed in college. I found their answer interesting, since I could see the relation of it to the idea that people understand stories by reflecting their own stories. My parents reflected my story to their own experience when they were in college. They saw my story as a story about them as a Subject 5 from the text did. They found an index of studying at college is difficult time and that everyone goes through this process. As a result they just confirmed their previously held beliefs about hard time at university. This is an example of the process when people understand a story by recalling their own memories. Another interesting idea that the author highlights in the article is that people often misunderstand other peoples stories by relating their own experience to the new story. When the listener hears a new story he finds an old story from his memory, which he can use to relate it to. However, the idea is that we usually find only one principle to relate a story, because it is enough for us. That is why each person understands stories in a different way. A good example of that could be how I personally got confused when I was reading Robert Sapolskys Ego boundaries or the Fit of my Father Shirt. At first, I misunderstood the nitroglycerin bottle as the bottle containing the ashes of the authors father. This happened because of the word frailty, which I thought to be remains of his father, but having discussed this article in the class I realized that this was just a medicine that his father used to take. This misunderstanding happened because of my previous experiences with the word fr ailty. I related the context of the text as a story about people who hold ashes of their ancestors in a vase, since it is important and sacred remains of their loved ones. Because I initially knew a story about such people I just related it to the new story that I have read. My index was that people remember and honor deceased relatives in way of storing their ashes. I had a belief that people often keep the ashes of their ancestors after the death, so that they have some part of the deceased person to relate to him. Thus recalling a previously known story to understand a new one led me to misunderstanding the core context. This example proves the idea that people often misunderstand stories by reflecting their own meanings on it. To learn from the story you need to enhance the old story with details that you matched with a new one. Because people tend to understand other peoples stories mainly through reflecting the stories they previously knew, the question then arises: How do people get beyond this circle of understanding and learning new things? Schank answers this with a contradictory approach. He argues that it happens due to irregularity in understanding stories. By not fully understanding the story they learn something new easily since that piece of information gets stuck in their memories for a while when they identify the mistake afterwards., as he points this out, [w]e really only learn when the stories we hear relate to beliefs that we feel rather unsure of, ones that we are flirting with at the moment, so to speak. When we are wondering, consciously or unconsciously, about the truthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, then the evidence provided by others can be of some use (Schank, 388). Schank believes that people c an learn something new only when they ask questions and analyze their views. For example, in the Sapolskys article Ego boundaries or the Fit of my Father Shirt, the author describes the relationship with his father, and the way he thought about his father as a mentally ill person. He tries to use his previously known stories such as scientific knowledge of the disorders to explain the illness of his father. His index is that science can explain everything. He uses his understanding of mental disorder to examine the behavior of his father. As a result, Sapolsky considers his father as a scientific case not as a father. Using his scientific knowledge he tries to explain that his father had split brain disorder that led to vanishing of his ego boundaries. However, through the process, he realizes that he is not able to justify his previously believed thoughts about his father as a mentally ill patient, because the science could not answer all of the questions the author had. In the end he understands that the problem was not in the diagnosis, but in the attitude towards the problems he had with his father. Thus, he teaches himself a new story: by reexamining his previously held beliefs about an index that scientific approach can explain everything in the life. In the conclusion we can see that the process of understanding other peoples stories is complicated. Understanding involves such process as indexing, finding old stories to relate, and reflecting them to the new ones. We usually do it by relating our own stories to the new stories that we hear, but finding similar elements in our own story and the story being told is different to all people. Therefore, we learn from new stories if we rethink our previously held beliefs. The Role of Thefts in Theft The main topic in Joyce Carol Oatess Theft are the different kinds of thefts. Theft in the story appears to take both physical and intangible forms such as stealing pens, wallets, personalities, authority and reputation. Theft is a zero-sum game with no win-win outcome. That is a fundamental idea which lies throughout Oates story. Peoples vulnerabilities, bad habits and motivations of hatred are resembled through these thefts. The author presents several facts of theft to allow a reader to analyze motives of a thief, his/her psychology and consequences of such their acts. The main character, a college sophomore, Marya Knauer has a complex and ambiguous attitude towards theft. She perceives it as a weakness, which prevails over her sense of moral duty and voice of reason, but also as a tool that she believes can empower her. Her first stealing experience began with silly little shoplifting expeditions which insensibly rose into a sequence of spontaneous, rash and pointless thefts (143). Admittedly, stealing gave her a feeling of elation and triumph when she appropriated someones genuinely valuable possessions. It can be inferred that Marya clearly understood that her habit to steal was disgusting but she could not resist any opportunity to do so. It seems she sought excitement and a dose of adrenaline by getting involved in risky and morally unacceptable affairs. Moreover, Marya considered theft as an act of liberating herself when her personal life was constrained and dictated by others will, when she had had to submit to the routine schedule of Wilmas household and she was living her life as it were nothing more than an extension of theirs (142). Stealing made her feel free because she could transgress the bounds of decency, disregard rules, and neglect prohibitions without being caught and taken into accountability. She could hardly fight her impulse even though her euphoria lasted fraction of a second. For Marya stealing was a way of seeking revenge from people who tried to take advantage from her. She stole a pen from a professor who did not give her a good grade, because he lost some of her work during grading. Having put much effort in studying, she took everything too seriously what resulted in professor calling her rather grim as she was always thinking only about academics. The reaction to such rude remark was her lying about her mo ther serious illness and stealing the professors pen. Marya felt her pulses were beating hot, in triumphed for a way of defeating the professor for the words he said and for the grades he gave (158). Moreover, she did not feel guilty or ashamed because she believed that professor deserved this. She started using this pen signing her name repeatedly, hypnotically: Marya, Marya, Marya Knauer, Marya Marya Marya Knauer, a name that eventually seemed to have been signed by someone else, a stranger (159). She saw this act of stealing as triumph over the professor, who tried to hurt Maryas identity. Interestingly, theft takes on a more sophisticated form when it comes to reading. The reading she did acquired an aura, a value, a mysterious sort of enchantment (142). It was perceived as a forbidden fruit, something illicit, precious beyond estimation (142). Indeed, she could be completely immersed in reading, slipping out of her consciousness and into that of the writers (142). She found herself entirely absorbed into writers ideas and mentality as if her mind was led by an invisible hand, and that experience was electrifying and hypnotizing. It prompted her to conceive life as an ephemeral and to regard everything as superficial and trivial. Mere life was the husk, the actors performance, negligible in the long run (142). Reading as a process was equally elating and exciting as stealing but not criminal and risky. Maryas personality was splitting and she started losing authenticity while making her way through writers imagination, greedily reading every word as it was her own, tr eating every emotion, idea expressed and the plot itself as her own creation. Maryas addiction to reading can be expressed by absence of any intrigue in her personal life, which Oates describes as isolated, ascetic, and monotonous (143). Reading is treated as a one-sided relationship which she benefits from without giving anything back. When the book Marya read seemed to take life through her, she could get her emotions, which are usually experienced and nurtured through building relations with other people. The first theft that is depicted in the story happens with Marya, when her wallet with a month salary from part time job at university library and her favorite pen were stolen from her room in Maynard House. These incidents made Marya become anxious and angry, feeling unprotected before the real world. It ruined her previous impressions of the university life and made her very cautious and even distrustful for other students. Marya decided to isolate from the world by staying in her room all the time and reading every book she could find. (142). As a consequence she became a complete robot, having a derelict life, because she could not trust anyone in her dormitory anymore. Marys isolated living and unsocial behavior reflects her attitude towards friendship. She asserts that friendship is a waste of time on something ephemeral and not worthwhile (154). Marya is completely obsessed with studying; her energy is devoted to maintaining high grades. However, relationship with Imogene alters her perception of the friendship. It evolves from a friendly acquaintance to admiration, mutual benefit, envy, competition, ignorance and culminates in break up. Imogene is presented as a chameleon playing various roles in public, quickly adapting her behavior to changing circumstances, and changing her mood and attitudes frequently. Her inquisitive character and easygoing informality are seen by Marya as intrusion into her privacy, her secret isolation. Marya and Imogene become interdependent but they are not interested in the actual friendship. Maryas life changed drastically when she met Imogene Skillman. The first time when Imogene appeared in the dorm room, Marya was depressed and reduced the protection level from the world. Marya recognized from the first look that Imogene was somewhat unique person, not resembling other student on the campus. But Marya could not fully understand what Imogenes real personality was. After spending more time with Imogene, Marya still did not acknowledge that they are becoming friends. She always questioned herself if she appreciated Imogenes friendship and even accepted that she liked Prhyllis more (153). This girl majored in mathematics and lived next-door, and according to Maryas system of values of true friendship Philly was a best match as an appropriate company. In spite of Phyllis being more likeable friend, Marya could not stop thinking that she is more inclined towards Imogene. Marya is flattered by Imogenes attention; she accompanies her to coffee shop, meets with her friends trying to impress them. Marya cautiously succumbs to Imogenes admiration and tolerates flattery since she fears becoming dependent on her friendship, for dependency is equivalent to limited freedom. Her protest against Imogenes influence and domination is expressed in the intense concentration on her academic performance. She threw herself into work with more passion than before, eager to face challenges and vindicate that her intellectual achievements demonstrate her wealth, thus soft power (154). The difficulties in friendship that Marya and Imogene had with each other originate from different backgrounds they had before. First, Marya came from a poor family, where she had to obey restrictions and authority. On the contrary, Imogene being from a rich family had a nonchalant life with lots of freedom and opulence. The thefts that are illustrated in the story had a great influence on the development of the relationship between main characters. Thus, thefts caused Marya and Imogene to realize what true friendship is. However, Marya and Imogene have never become best friends, because Imogene, in contrast, had plans of her own about Marya. Imogene stole Maryas time by spending time in the coffee shops with her friends, stole characteristics of Maryas personality like mimicking in order to perform on stage, and rumored bad things about Maryas reputation. But when Marya realized that Imogene was using her for own purposes, she immediately felt deceived and angry. However, even though Marya understood Imogenes true intentions, she could not stop having relationships with Imogene. Marya discovered Imogenes true nature at the dinner in a sorority house where Marya was invited as a guest. When she heard that Imogene made Matthew write a paper on Chekhov for herself, Marya began suspecting the true Imogenes intentions and desires (163). Her suspicion grew up more when Marya knew about Imogenes cheating on her fiancà © with a stranger. Imogene did it on purpose to make Marya and Matthew jealous of her. After all these underprivileged activities of Imogene, Marya begins to realize that she has become Imogenes possession, a trophy displayed to her alleged admirers, just a decoration in her one-actor performance. Marya rethinks her concept of friendship writing that it is play-acting of an amateur type and a puzzle that demands too much of imagination (154). Maryas protest against Imogenes influence and domination is expressed in the stealing the earrings of Imogene the Aztec ones, the barbarian-princess ones (175). The author wittingly emphasizes the earrings design to show that they symbolize Imogenes social status, popularity and dominance on the campus. Stealing in this case epitomizes betrayal and presumably attempt to appropriate Imogenes privileges. Unlike Maryas previous inconsequential thefts this case has a major impact on both characters. She did it on purpose to get everyones attention to her, to show that Marya was stronger than all the disloyalties and intrigues against her. She even pierced her ears, risking infection and sickness, and showed everyone that she is truly a nut that cant be cracked (174). Marya felt triumphant, she did not fear being caught up and punished. In contrast, Marya had worn earrings everywhere, for everyone to see, to comment, and to admire and she had been amused at Imogenes shocked expression (17 6). That theft left no winner. Imogene and Maryas friendship was completely ruined. Both students driven by envy and competition have been contributing to gradual erosion of their relationship by covertly and sometimes explicitly stealing each others intangible possessions. Various thefts depicted in the story tell readers about the many different circumstances that Marya and Imogenes friendship had to go through. Marya Knauer is a vivid instance of a strong willed personality. Despite all of the hostile and embarrassing obstacles and actions towards her, she managed to overcome and keep the perfect record, so that to save her status and character unbroken. The effects of stereotype threats Whistling Vivaldi by Claude M. Steele is a thorough analysis of a concept known as identity contingency. According to Steele, contingencies are circumstances you have to deal with because of a given social identity. Identity contingencies from the authors perspective represent constraints, both formal and implicit, tied to social, ethnic, religious, gender or any other recognized identity (3). Identity contingencies negatively affect individuals since they deprive those prone to being stereotyped or discriminated of equal opportunities, and abilities. Steeles research interest in identity contingencies and the roles they play in peoples lives stems from his personal experience of segregation. He reflects on his childhood when he was a victim of racial order in the 1950s, which placed a number of restrictions tied to the identity, from housing and school segregation to employment discrimination (3). Those conditions made individuals feel their racial identities and deal with their neg ative implications in everyday life. Steele focuses his research on educational issues tied to identity contingencies and their influence on academic performance among minority college students. The author argues that identity contingencies and specifically stereotype threats negatively impact the intellectual abilities of students; moreover he encourages exploring and implementing solutions to alleviate the stress and underperformance in academic setting in order to help students succeed at university. The aim of the research is to prove the importance of identity contingencies and of understanding identity threat to personal and societal progress (Steele, p.15). Steele comes up with several general patterns of findings. The first is the role identity contingency have in shaping individual lives. The second suggests that their negative impact contributes to the most important social problems in society, thus undermining social integrity. Third is a general process by which stereotype threats interfere with a broad range of human functioning. Finally, they offer a set of solutions that can alleviate effects of the identity threats. At the forefront of Steeles analysis is a stereotype threat, a particular kind of identity contingency. He speculates that stereotype threat embodies a standard human predicament, powerful enough to constrain behavior simply by putting a threat in the air. It is a widespread phenomenon found in any given society and any potential identity group can become subjected to it. It can be applied to any situation to which stereotype is relevant. Thus, it follows members of the stereotyped group into these situations as a balloon over their heads (Steele, p. 5). The author asserts that it is hard to eradicate stereotype threats, though the pressure they impose on individuals can be eased. Stereotype threat is an intrinsic part of human interrelations, a tool used by individuals, driven by a basic instinct of competition. Unlike discrimination in its gross forms, stereotype threats are formed subconsciously to benefit privileges of one social group, competing for opportunity and decent life, at the expense of the other group. The correlation between identity contingency and intellectual performance, in particular academic, preoccupies Steele throughout his research. He sheds light on the issue of academic underperformance of students from underrepresented backgrounds. The problem he believes has repercussions at a nationwide level, even though people think they live in a racially fair and identity-fair society (212). He perceives it as a core American struggle, wherein institutions try to integrate themselves racially, ethnically, class-wise (Steele, p. 17). In his attempt to reveal what factors account for persistent academic struggles of minority students, Steele uses a concept known as observers actors perspective. The actors perspective emphasizes students characteristics, their intellectual luggage, aspirations, values, skills, and expectations. He accesses that the actors perspective can be essential in explaining underperformance since the observers perspective alone cannot provide the full pictur e of the problem. His research appeals to E. Jones and R. Nisbett concept of the difference between those two perspectives. They argued that the observers perspective is subject to bias because it stresses the things we can see, the actors traits and characteristics. But it deemphasizes these traits and characteristics which fall out of the observers literal and mental visual field, namely circumstances the actor responds to and the environment he has to adapt to. Steele believes that the actors perspective can offer a plausible explanation of the link between identity contingency and intellectual performance. The feedback he receives from minority students supports his view. Students noted the university environment, wherein their social status was subtly accentuated and social life which was organized by race, ethnicity, and social class. This organization led to a rather racially homogeneous teaching staff and faculty. As a result, their social networks were organized by race. They were also puzzle d by the fact that minority styles, interests and preferences were marginalized on campus (Steele, p. 19). Steele in his book presents several experiments conducted to demonstrate how stereotype threat indirectly affects behavior and interferes with physical or intellectual performance. Experiments he refers to, Michigan Athletic Aptitude Test and the one done at Princeton University, clearly show that the pressure stereotype threat is distracting enough to lead to individuals failure in particular task. The task in experiment measured the very trait and ability the group was stereotyped as lacking. Knowledge of the negative stereotypes relevance in the given situation made the assessed group fear that frustration on the task could be misinterpreted and seen as confirming the stereotype. Hence, any deviation in performance, whether mental or physical, or a false move could cause an individual to be reduced to the stereotype and treated accordingly. Steele admits that it is hard to prove that something abstract like stereotype threat can have a substantial effect on the individuals perform ance. Nonetheless, the research and experiments he undertakes supports his hypothesis of stereotype threats detrimental effect on individual performance. His research focus raises a number of thought-provoking questions about the ways stereotypes affect our intellectual functioning, stress reactions, and the tension that can exist between different groups. Moreover, he explores strategies that alleviate these effects in order to help solve societal problems (Steele, p. 13). Steele conducts an experiment to prove that academic achievement problem of minority students is not entirely due to skill and ability deficits. He contends that external factors and social and psychological aspects of academic experience can be powerful enough to directly or indirectly impair intellectual performance. Hence, the environment and status of a student can be an actual component of ability. Steele comes up with a stigmatization idea, an idea that a devalued social status can cause und